Dr Association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 with litter size in livestock: a review study

. Litter size is one of the crucial factors in livestock production and high economic value, which affected by ovulation rate, hormones, growth factors. Growth play a multifaceted role reproductive physiology. This review aims to investigate association bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) with litter livestock. The transforming β (TGF- β) superfamily includes more than 34 members; GDF9 BMP15 are among most significant for regulating fertility species. Ovarian follicles release that involved maturation primary into basal form, proliferation granulosa theca cells, steroidogenesis, ovulation, formation corpus luteum. Besides, these highly expressed oocytes necessary female multiple several Animals two inactive copies sterile, while those copy fertile. Thus, present provides valuable information on can be used as biological markers or improving